The circulating human plasma metabolome consists of thousands of metabolites. Rather than being independent traits, there exists a high degree of dependency and biological connections among sets of metabolites. Here we characterise genetic variation regulating the plasma metabolome at unprecedented scale by bringing together data from 20,000 individuals with untargeted assessment of 913 metabolites, to identify 330 genomic regions influencing 646 metabolites. After fine-mapping regional associations for individual metabolites, we identify associations with 1,528 variants and 2,599 independent variant-metabolite associations.