We systematically tested the value of broad capture plasma proteomics to identify people who are at very high risk of developing a range of diseases in the future. Around 3000 proteins were measured in individuals from the UK biobank Pharma Proteomic Project (UKB-PPP) using the Olink Explore 1536 and Explore Expansion panels. We developed sparse protein signatures (5 to 20 proteins) to predict 10-year incidence of 218 common and rare diseases spanning all clinical specialties in 41,931 individuals from UKB-PPP. We benchmarked the performance of protein signatures against standard clinical risk factors and clinical assays. Adding protein signatures onto the basic clinical risk factors significantly improved predictive performance for 67 diseases under study. For 52 of these diseases protein signature further outperformed standard clinical biomarker assay signatures.
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